• IEC

  
  International Electrotechnical Commission
  The International Electrotechnical Commission is the international standards and conformity assessment body for all fields of electrotechnology.
  
  

• ILAC

  
  International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
  ILAC is an international cooperation of laboratory and inspection accreditation bodies.
  
  

• Impedance

  
  The total opposition to electrical flow (resistive plus reactive). Unit of measure is the Ohm.
  
  

• Insulation Resistance

  
  The resistance measured between two insulated points when a specific test voltage is applied.
  
  

• International Standard

  
  A standard recognised by an international agreement to serve internationally as the basis for assigning values to other standards of the same quantity.
  
  

• ISO

  
  International Organisation for Standardisation
  ISO is the world's largest developer of standards. ISO standards contribute to making the development, manufacturing and supply of products and services more efficient, safer and cleaner.
  
  

• Metrology

  
  The science of measurement.
  
  

• National Standard

  
  A standard that is recognised within a country to serve as the basis for assigning values to standards of the same quantity, for use within that country.
  
  

• NZS

  
  New Zealand Standard
  The New Zealand standards organization which develops and markets national, regional and international standards. Representing New Zealand in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
  
  

• NZS/ISO/IEC 17025

  
  NZS/ISO/IEC 17025 covers the "General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories". NZS/ISO/IEC 17025 assures the customer that: procedures used, and results issued, by a laboratory are technically valid; an effective quality system is in use; and staff are competent.
  
  

• PAT

  
  Portable Appliance Tester
  This test equipment is typically used by electricians and electrical repair stores to safety test electrical appliances fitted with a plug.
  
  

• Phase

  
  A measurement of the timing relationship between two signals, usually the voltage or current relationship of two alternating waveforms. Expressed in angular degrees (°).
  
  

• Range

  
  Those values over which an item of equipment is intended to measure, specified by its upper and lower limits.
  
  

• RCD

  
  Residual Current Device
  A device that monitors the flow of electrical current through the live and neutral wires of a circuit. In the event of a fault that causes excessive current flow, the device will trip breaking the electrical circuit.
  
  

• Repeatability

  
  The ability of an item of equipment to reproduce output readings when the same measurand value is applied to it consecutively, under the same conditions, and in the same direction. Repeatability is expressed as the maximum difference between output readings.
  
  

• Resistance

  
  The resistance to the flow of electric current measured in ohms (Ω) for a conductor resistance is function of diameter, resistivity (an intrinsic property of the material) and length.
  
  

• Resolution

  
  The smallest detectable increment of measurement. For a digital display, this is the smallest unit of measurement of the least significant digit.
  
  

• RMS

  
  Root Mean Square
  Square root of the arithmetical average of a set of squared values.
  
  

• Sensitivity

  
  The minimum change in input signal to which an instrument can respond.
  
  

• SI

  
  System Internationale
  The name given to the standard metric system of units.
  
  

• SMT

  
  Surface Mount Technology
  The mounting of components on the surface of a printed circuit board, compared to through-hole mounting where component leads extend through the board.
  
  

• Stability

  
  The quality of an instrument or sensor to maintain a consistent output when a constant input is applied.
  
  

• Standard Uncertainty

  
  Uncertainty of the result of a measurement, expressed as a standard deviation s.
  
  value = m ± ks
  
  value = value of the measurement
  m = measurement (or mean of measurements)
  k = coverage factor
  s = standard uncertainty
  
  

• Thermocouple

  
  The junction of two dissimilar metals which has a voltage output proportional to the difference in temperature between the hot junction and the lead wires (cold junction).

  J	Iron/Constantan
  K	CHROMEGA/ALOMEGA
  T	Copper/Constantan
  E	Chromel/Constantan
  R	Platinum/Platinum 13% Rhodium
  S	Platinum/Platinum 10% Rhodium
  B	Platinum 6% Rhodium/Platinum 30% Rhodium

  
  
  

• Torque

  
  The application of a Force acting at a radial distance and tending to cause rotation. The ISO recommended base unit of measure is the Newton metre (Nm). For readability, the base unit may have a prefix added e.g. 100 cNm (centi Newton metre) equals 1 Nm.
  
  

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